Artigos do mesmo autor

SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION OF DOCTORS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION (1990 - 2000)^[I]

 

 

Ana Claudia Silverio Nascimento Mestre em Educação Física do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Gama Filho Membro do Instituto de Pesquisa em Educação e Educação Física - PROTEORIA

Hugo Rodolfo Lovisolo Doutor em Sociologia do Esporte pela Universidade do Porto Professor da Universidade Gama Filho

 

ABSTRACT

It presents a characterization of the doctors with titles awarded by the Post Graduate programs in Physical Education of the Brazilian Institutions of Higher Education (IES), in the period of 1990-2000, according to gender, period of graduation and professional activities and a survey on the their scientific production, before and after doctorate. In order to do so, it takes for basis the available curriculum in the CNPq data base, Curriculo Lattes.

Key-Words: scientific production, post-graduate, physical education.

PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA DE LOS DOCTORES EM EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA (1990-2000)

RESUMEN

Presenta una caracterización de los doctores graduados en los Programas de Posgrado en Educación Física de las Instituciones de Ensenanza Superior brasilenas, en el período de 1990-2000, según el género, tiempo de formación y actividad profesional y un levantamiento de su producción científica, antes y después del doctorado. Para eso, se toman como base los currículos disponibles en la base de datos del CNPq, Currículo Lattes.

Palavras-clave: producción científica, posgrado, educación física.

PRODUCTION SCIENTIFIQUE DES DOCTEURS EN EDUCATION PHYSIQUE (1990-2000)

RÉSUMÉ

Le travail en question présente une caractérisation des docteurs diplômés par les programmes de DES (Diplôme d’Études Supérieures) en Education Physique des Institutions brésiliennes d’Enseignement Supérieur, de 1990 a 2000, selon le genre, la durée de leur formation et de leur activitéprofessionnelles et en outre, d’après le relevèment de leur production scientifique avant et après le doctorat. Pour cela, le travail se fonde sur les curriculum disponibles dans la base de données du CNPq, Currículo Lattes.

Mots-clefs: production scientifique, études supérieures, education physique.

 

INTRODUCTION

Post-Graduate (PG) stricto sensuhas been developed in Brazil for about 40 years. The qualification of high level researchers, the advanced qualification of professionals, and preparation of professors qualified for all teaching levels were the targets established for the system that elected the North American model as the main reference for its structuring. In this context, in the 1970’s the PG courses were institutionalized by the Law 5540/68. Since then, several procedures have been adopted to follow up the development, evaluate the results and question different aspects of the Brazilian scientific production.

Among the criteria used to attribute concepts to institutions or to award credits to the researchers, the scientific production is highlighted as one of the most relevant requisites. The quantitative studies of the scientific production have allowed a better comprehension of the amplitude and the nature of activities of research developed in different areas of the knowledge, of several countries, institutions and researchers. The results of these researches allow an evaluation of the level of knowledge available, outline development and investment policy, needs of researchers among other aspects.

Taking these possibilities into consideration, the paper aims to characterize the doctors with a Physical Education title awarded by the Brazilian IES in the period of 1990-2000, according to type, period of graduation and professional activities and a survey on the their scientific production, before and after doctorate. In order to do so, it takes for basis the available curriculum in the CNPq data base, Curriculo Lattes.

 

OBJECT OF STUDY

In conceptual terms, the scientific production can be understood, according to Lourenço (apudBuriti; Buriti, 1999, p.171) “[...] as every documentary production about a certain topic of interest, of a specific scientific community, that contributes to the development of science and for the opening of new horizons of research”. The studies related to scientific production can focus on producer, product, consumer or the interaction of these elements. What is produced, to whom it is communicated and which communication channels are used are essential aspects for the knowledge of the scientific production.

Among the several ways to know the productivity of a researcher is the analysis of his/her curriculum, the document which translates in a very direct way his/her production allowing one to know their field of work. Thus, one believes that through the analysis of the doctors’curriculum in PE it is possible to have a dialogue with the PG since the scientific production, as Witter (1999) clarifies, is related to the performance in the PG courses either by their scientific doing or their role in the formation of the teachers and researchers that will perform in other entities, being them universities or not.

 

RESULTS

The PG in PE is currently formed by fourteen programs: nine present Master’s courses and the other five Master’s and doctorate. One of the first aspects to be considered is that it happens mainly in public institutions with a total of nine programs.

This picture sends us to a dualizationtendency of the finalities between the public and private IES pointed by Lovisolo (2001): the public institutions have the role of forming the board of researchers in the majority of the PG programs, while the private institutions have the role of expanding the graduate teaching, especially the evening classes. The data from the higher education census in 2003 (INEP, 2004) corroborate to this information when point to the predominance of private institutions in the graduate teaching and the predominance of public institutions in PG courses. According to the survey from the group of 1,859 institutions, 1,652 (88.9%) are private and 207 (11.1%) are public. In terms of PG the data presented by the census were gathered by CAPES in 2002 and indicate that 86% of the PG programs are in public institutions and 14% in private.

Considering the period of study, only four programs are qualified for the research objective: Sao Paulo University (USP), Santa Maria Federal University (UFSM),UGF and University of Campinas (UNICAMP).

The first doctorate course in PE in the country was created in 1989 in the Sao Paulo University and the first thesis in the area was submit in 1994. Since then the PG programs have already formed 102 doctors distributed as follows:

	USP	UFSM	UNICAMP	UGF	TOTAL
1994	01				01
1995	02	02	02		06
1996	03	05	01		09
1997	00	00	09		09
1998	03	01	17	03	24
1999	04	07	11	05	27
2000	01	10	11	04	26
TOTAL	14	25	51	12	1G2

TABLE 1

2Although it no longer receives enrollments, the doctorate course of the UFSM is analyzed in the study as it had a regular situation in the time of the study.

 

Part of the doctors graduated in the period researched do not present a curriculum lattesand the others present curriculum referring to the Master’s course. Of the total of titled students 84 present a registered curriculum corresponding to 82.35% of the graduate and represent the population analyzed in this study. Of the doctors that were not included in the studied population, fourteen do not possess any registration (13.72%) and four have not yet presented curriculum referring to the Master’s period (very out of date curriculum), representing 3.92% of the doctors. Considering that from 2002 on the release of institutional production has become mandatory for the request of financing and participation in research groups, one can infer that these doctors do not seem to work in the national formation and technological- scientific production system.

When analyzing the gender one can identify 51 men and 33 women. This way the population studied has 39.3% of women and 60.7% of men.

TABLE 2 DISTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS ACCORDING TO GENDER   Freq. % Male 51 60.7 Female 33 39.3 Total 84 100.0

 

The area has its majority of male doctors confirming the data presented by Jansesn (2003) that men still fulfill most of the vacancies for doctorate and research. However, the author informs that the tendency of male majority should be reverted shortly and the feminization of science in Brazil is a question of time as women are already a majority in graduate and Master’s courses.

Another aspect observed in the studied population is related to the receiving of a support scholarship during the course. From the 84 doctors studied, 44 received a scholarship during their doctorate and the other 40 did not received or did not register the information. Regarding the agency granting the scholarship, the following situation is presented:

TABLE 3

DISTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS PER SUPPORT AND SUPPORT AGENCY

4

	Freq.	%
CAPES Rio Grande do Sul State	37	44.0
Foundation for the Support of Research	3	3.6
CNPq	4	4.8
No scholarship	40	47.6
Total	84	100.0

 

Of the total scholarships 44% received the support of CAPES, which makes this agency the biggest supporter in the formation area. The CNPq agency is responsible for 4.8% of the scholarships granted to the doctorate students and the participation of state agencies is small representing 3.6% of the total students. The granting of scholarships is directly related with the time spent in the awarding of titles which is one of the biggest concerns of the programs. So, in the analyses of the time spent in the conclusion of the doctorate among those who received the support of the foment agencies it is possible to verify the following situation:

TABLE 4 DISTRIBUTION OF SPONSORED DOCTORATE STUDENTS BY TIME (IN YEARS) FOR THE CONCLUSION OF DOCTORATE Freq.                   % 1 1 2.3 2 1 2.3 3 6 13.6 4 26 59.1 5 8 18.2 6 1 2.3 No information regarding the beginning date 1 2.3 Total 44 100.0

 

One can verify that more than 50% of the scholarship students (59.1%) followed the deadline established as ideal by the support agencies. A total of eight doctors (18.2%) submitted a thesis in less than four years, and nine (20.5%) finished after the established deadline. The analyses of the doctors that did not receive scholarship for the realization of the course are distributed as follows:

TABLE 5

DISTRIBUTION OF NON SPONSOREDDOCTORS BY THE TIME (IN YEARS) FOR THE

CONCLUSION OF THE DOCTORATE

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	Freq.	%
2	8	20.0
3	9	22.5
4	16	40.0
5	5	12.5
6	1	2.5
7	1	2.5
Total	40	100.0

 

Of the 40 non-sponsored students, 16 concluded the course in 48 months representing 40% of the total. Seventeen doctors submitted their thesis before the deadline established by the evaluation agency representing 42.5% of the total of non-sponsored students and seven after the deadline corresponding to 17.5%. It is necessary to highlight that the number of non­sponsored doctors that concluded their doctorate in less than 4 years is 52.9% higher than the sponsored students.

In the mapping of the professional activities performed by the doctors there was registered information regarding the present professional relation, the nature of the institution (public or private), the type of activity performed and the location of the employing institution. This way, regarding the current professional relation of the doctors one can verify a predominance of educational institutions with 32 registrations. There is also a registration of a research agency and one registration of a hospital. Regarding their nature the institutions present themselves as follows:

TABLE 6 DISTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS BY PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTION NATURE   Freq. % Public 70 83.3 Private 13 15.5 No professional address 1 1.2 Total 84 100.0

 

It is possible to verify a predominance of public institutions, which represent 83.3% of the total number of registers. In relation to the subject, Velloso (2004) highlights that the university is always the main employer of doctors absorbing around 93% of them in each one of the three big areas. Additional data show that 90% of the doctors in the basic and technological areas are in public institutions. When analyzing both the activity performed and the nature of the institution one can notice the following distribution:

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TABLE 7 DISTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS REGARDING THEIR CURRENT PROFESSIONAL LINK AND THE NATURE OF THE PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTION   Post­ graduate Graduate Administrative (administrative job) Other Total Public 29 36 4 1 10 Private 6 l 0 0 13 Total 35 43 4 1 83

 

Of the 83 students researched who have a job, 78 work in activities related to teaching, being 43 in graduate courses and 35 in post graduate courses. Only four doctors work in administrative jobs and one works in another function. The data presented makes it possible to say that the graduate courses are the main field of work of the researched doctors corresponding to 51.1% of the total registers. Of the 43 doctors that work in this level, 36 are in public institutions and seven in private confirming that the public sector is the biggest employer. Thirty-five doctors are working in post graduate courses being 29 in public institutions and six in private institutions.

The analysis of the geographic location of the institutions shows:

TABLE 8 DISTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF THE INSTITUTIONS REGION TOTAL OF INSTITUTIONS % Southeast 50 60.2% South 25 30.1% Northeast 6 l.2% Center-west 2 2.4%

 

In the geographic distribution of the employing institutions the Southeast presents the highest number of doctors (50) representing 60.2% of the total followed by the Southern region with 25 doctors which means 30.1% of the researched doctors. The Northeast employs six doctors and the center-west two. The data confirms the tendency of the Brazilian post graduate which presents a concentration of institutions in the Southeast with 938 institutions followed by the Southern region with 306 institutions, the Northeaster with 304, the Mid-West with 210 and the Northern region with 101 institutions (INEO 2004). The analysis per states shows that São Paulo holds the highest number of doctors with a total of 39, followed by the Rio Grande do Sul with twelve, Rio de Janeiro with eight, Santa Catarina with seven and Parana with six. The states of Minas Gerais and Pernambuco employ three doctors each and the other states mentioned employ one doctor.

7

 

When analyzing the scientific production generated by the doctors researched one can observe that it was produced a total of 4,185 documents distributed as follows:

TABLE 9 NUMBER OF PAPERS RELEASED PER KIND OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION   Freq. % Complete articles published in scientific magazines 708 16.9 Summarized articles published in scientific magazines 275 6.6 Books published 66 1.6 Book chapters published 247 5.9 Complete papers published in events publications 647 15.5 Summarized papers published in events publications 2,093 50.0 Orientation of dissertations concluded 149 3.6 Orientation of thesis concluded 0 0.0 Total 4,185 100.0

 

The scientific production of the doctors is composed mainly of papers published in events which put together (summarized or completed) correspond to a total of 2,740 documents (65.5%). Following that there are the articles, completed or summarized, which totals 983 documents and represent 13.5% of the total. The group researched produced 66 books and 247 chapters. There were registers of 149 dissertation orientations and no thesis orientation. When considering doctors’production before and after their doctorate one has the following situation:

TABLE 10 NUMBER OF PAPERS RELEASED DURING AND AFTER THE DOCTORATE PER YEAR OF CONCLUSING OF THE DOCTORATE   During After     Freq. % Freq. % 1994   13 0.9 78 2.9 1995   93 6.2 51 8 19.2

 

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1996	159	10.7	289	10.7
1997	78	5.2	223	8.3
1998	293	19.6	569	21.1
1999	480	32.2	579	21.5
2000	376	25.2	437	16.2
Total	1.492	100.0	2,693	100.0

 

Based on the data one can affirm that the conclusion of the doctorate meant an increase in the production of the doctors.

 

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

The results reached, although restricted, make it possible to delineate some aspects regarding the Post Graduate in Physical Education. The quantitative data presented are not enough to make the real profile of the academic production researched concerning quality. However they can serve as a referential for the complementary and comparative analysis which will give basis to the design of how the production behaves in qualitative terms.

Thus, one can highlight some points. Regarding the characterization of the group it is possible to detect a male majority (51%); the percentage of non sponsored doctors who conclude the course in four or less than four years is higher than the sponsored doctors; doctors work mainly in public institutions in graduate teaching; the release of scientific production has been performed in greater numbers through the participation in seminars and consequently the publications of papers in events publications (65.5% of the total of papers summarized or completed) and that their production increased after the conclusion of the course.

It is necessary to highlight that the evaluation process of the scientific production can and have to go beyond the simple quantification of data, as the study of the themes approached detecting its tendency and maturity and the impact that this literature produced is having on the researches being performed. These are aspects which can produce complementary studies that will contribute to the creation and establishment of standards that better define the space used by the Brazilian science regarding the national and international communities. Thus, despite the limitation of the data presented it is expected that this work contributes to the state of the art research in Physical Education.

 

REFERENCES

BURITI, M. do S. L.; BURITI, M. de A. Análise da produção científica via currículo de uma docente-pesquisadora. In: WITTER, G. P. Produção Científica em Psicologia e Educação.(p. 171-182). Campinas, SP: Editora Alínea, 1999.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTUDOS E PESQUISAS EDUCACIONAIS ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA. Censo da Educação Superior 2003. Resumo Técnico. Disponível emhttp://www.inep.gov.br/imprensa/noticias/censo/superior/news04 05.htm Acesso em 19 de outubro de 2004.

JANSEN, R. Futuro da produção científica no país éfeminino. Jornal da Ciência, órgão da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, dez. 2003. Extraído de [http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br], em 01 de setembro de 2004.

LOVISOLO, H. R. A Crescente Dualidade no Ensino Superior. Revista Ciência Hoje,n.173, jul. p. 56-60, 2001.

VELLOSO, J. Mestres e doutores no país:destinos profissionais e modelos de pós-graduação. Textos de apoio ao PNPG, encomendados pela Comissão Nacional. Plano Nacional de pós- graduação (PNPG) 2005-2010. Brasília:CAPES, 2004. Disponível em:http:///www.capes.gov.br/Documentos/PNPG/Textos apio MestresDoutoresPais.docAcesso em 10 de outubro de 2004.

WITTER, G. P. Produção Científica em Psicologia eEducação.Campinas, SP: Editora Alínea.

Address:

Ana Claudia Silvério Nascimento anaclaudia@proteoria.orgRua Ludwick Macal, n. 1030, ap. 204, Jardim da Penha. CEP.: 29060—30, Vitória-ES

Address: Hugo R. Lovisolo lovisolo@globo.comRua Caruaru 25/302 - Grajaú; CEP 20560-215; RJ.

 

 

 

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